CLIMOS Training Material
CLIMOS project has the explicit role to help health authorities and policymakers to prevent the spread of climate-induced diseases between animals and humans using a ‘One Health’ approach, namely vector-borne and zoonotic pathogens.
With these Policy Briefs, we would like to see actions taken in key priorities including expanding surveillance to non-endemic areas, integrating human–animal–vector–environmental data systems, and promoting mandatory national reporting to enhance preparedness and response.
Tutorial: Dissection of a sand fly salivary glands
Tutorial: Dissection of a sand fly midgut
An interview with Gaetano Oliva, University of Naples Federico II
This training highlights the critical role of companion animals, as “sentinels” or reservoirs for pathogens. “We have not one actor involved in climate change mitigation or in the study of diseases… we have to be together and to share information among scientists to better understand what is happening in terms of the spread of diseases and climate change.”
An interview with Orin Courtenay, University of Warwick
Ho to bridge the gap between scientific research and public/professional awareness. “Prevention is always better than cure… vigilance is clearly really important so that you can identify when and where transmission may occur.”

Strengthening Surveillance and Prevention of Sand Fly-Borne Diseases
CLIMOS Project Policy Brief for Early Detection & Risk Reduction
As climate change and environmental degradation reshape the risk landscape, Sand Fly-Borne Diseases (SFBDs), including Leishmaniasis and viruses such as Toscana (TOSV), are no longer restricted to southern latitudes. Recent evidence from our project indicates that climate suitability for sand fly vector species are is expected to increase in endemic regions including southwest Iberia, the south and southwest coasts of France, coastal regions in Italy and in the Balkans, and west and central Turkey, with emerging risks in previously unaffected regions including Austria, Germany and the Netherlands.